Core Dimensions of Knowledge

• Scientific and Evidence-Based: Reliable knowledge in this field is grounded in observable, measurable evidence rather than personal intuition. It utilizes both inductive and deductive reasoning to verify existing theories and generate new insights.

• Problem-Oriented and Practical: The ultimate purpose of generating knowledge in education is its utility—solving real-world classroom challenges and informing policy decisions.

• Holistic and Interdisciplinary: Education draws from psychology, sociology, and economics, recognizing that student growth is influenced by complex social and personal factors. 

Types of Knowledge in Educational Research

1. Fundamental (Basic) Knowledge: Aims to discover universal principles and build broad educational theories, often without immediate practical application.

2. Applied Knowledge: Focuses on using theoretical principles to solve specific educational problems and evaluate the effectiveness of methods.

3. Action Knowledge: Developed by practitioners (like teachers) to bring about immediate improvement in their specific classroom settings.

4. Pedagogical Knowledge: The fusion of subject matter expertise and an understanding of how learners process information, which transforms abstract concepts into accessible teaching strategies. 

Sources of Knowledge

Researchers derive knowledge through various authoritative and empirical channels: 

• Empiricism: Learning through direct sensory experience and systematic observation.

• Rationalism: Using logical analysis and reasoning to draw conclusions.

• Authority: Relying on the expertise of teachers, parents, and mentors.

• Scientific Method: A rigorous process involving hypothesis formulation, data collection, and verification to ensure results are replicable.